Colonial Williamsburg Digital Library

The Brush House (east side of Palace Green)
Block 29, Lots 165, 166 and 172

Chronology

1716 (July)	Archibald Blair of James City County was granted lot 172 along with lots 170, 171 and 173 (York County Records).
1716 (Nov. 5)	Two (next door) lots along Palace Street, known by the numbers 163 and 164 allotted to William Levingston.
1717	John Brush, a gunner said to have come to Virginia with Governor Spotswood, 1716, and later keeper of the Magazine, was granted "two certain Lots of ground in Williamsburg denoted ... by the figures 165, 166." (York County Records.) [A map of these lots is shown herewith.]
	BLK. 29 (1716-17)
1734	A legendary date of the construction of the house located on lots 165 and 166 long known as the "Brush House" is based on the date 1734 found on the front window pane in the southwest room. The date is considered to have been scratched with a diamond or some hard tool.
1734	Ownership of lots 165 and 166 recorded under Elizabeth Russell, believed to have been the wife of Henry Cary II, builder of Williamsburg and locality.
2
1744	The property mortgaged in 1744 to the amount of 200 pounds.
1744-1779	Ownership uncertain. John Blair (by deed) possessed lots 165 and 166 after 1745 and that ownership was followed by Thomas Everard, a clerk of York County. Everard was already owner of lot 172. 1751 Everard known to have lived in the vicinity of Dr. Gilmer's.
1782	The Frenchman's Map shows a small house with five outhouses northeast of the main house on lot 165.
near 1800	The College map indicates the name "Carter" on lots 165 and 166; also on adjoining lot 172.
1788	Williamsburg tax transfers indicate that James Carter came into "3 lots via Dr. Hall." [It is known that Dr. Isaac Hall of Petersburg married Martha Everard, daughter of Thomas Everard of Williamsburg. Dr. Hall (March 9, 1787 Tucker-Coleman corresp.] a close friend of the Tucker family.
1787	Dr. Hall is charged with labor, etc., by Humphrey Harwood, carpenter, of Williamsburg "taking down 2 Marble chimney pieces. ... 134 bricks ... 4 bushels of lime ... laying 2 hearths ... and plastering chimney."
1788-1801	James Carter's association with lots 165, 166 and 172 from 1788-1801 can be seen in the tax accounts of Williamsburg Land Tax Books. Carter's estate is charged with possession of three lots in the city until 1819. James Carter was a well-known merchant of Williamsburg.
	A subsequent history of the lots 165, 166 and 172 can be found in the Brush House History. (Department of Research, 1943) or later. Most of data in this chronology was extracted from report dated May 1947, signed Mary A. Stephenson, of Department of Research.

THE BRUSH HOUSE
Block 29, Colonial lots #165 and #166

Retyped 12/1/49

The first record yet found of the ownership of lots #165 and #166 so conveniently located near the Palace is the York County deed of date July 8, 1717. At this date the trustees who granted lots in the city of Williamsburg deeded to John Brush

Two certain lots of ground in the city of Williamsburg denoted in the plan of the said city by the figures 165 and 166.
The proviso: That the grantee should within the space of 24 months build one or more good dwelling houses. Book 3, Deeds & Bonds Pages 246-7

Brush met the legal requirement of building within the stipulated time for the lots remained in his possession and were transferred at his death to his heirs. It can be asserted then that houses of some sort were built on these lots between 1717 and 1719.

Brush, it has been said, was brought to Virginia by Governor Spotswood and was the keeper of the arms in the Magazine (Tyler's Quarterly, Page 299; William & Mary Q. V (1) 213. The bases for these statements have not been found in the primary sources available here. That Brush was once employed to fire the guns at the Palace in celebration of the king's birthday, is clear (Legislative Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia, II, Page 695).

In his will made November 26, 1726, Brush provided for the equal division of his lots between his unmarried daughter, Elizabeth, and his son-in-law, Thomas Barbar, husband of Susanna Brush. The will provided that after their deaths, the property was to go to their heirs. Clauses in the will, however, made it possible for one of the heirs to possess all of the real estate, as the following clauses show:

See Appendix for additional facts.

Item. I will that my houses and lots in Williamsburgh do descend equally unto my son in law, Thomas Barbar and my daughter Elizabeth Brush and their heirs forever. And for their better agreement I do direct that the same shall (when either of these legatees shall require it) by four honest and indifferent men upon their oaths be valued and appraised. And then if the said legatees do agree that either shall possess the whole, I will that such possessor shall pay unto the other legatee, relinquishing one half of the valuation aforesaid by such payments and within such reasonable time as they shall agree. And then the legatee so possessed shall inherit the said premises to him, or his or her heirs forever ..... Book 16, Orders, Wills York County Records Page 424

Brush died before December 19, 1726, as the will was probated on that date.

The inventory of Brush's personal property if it be the total inventory is almost wholly made up of equipment that an artisan would have found useful. It is the equipment of a man who lives in his shop rather than that of the owner of a house and household furniture. This may mean, of course, that his dwelling was poorly furnished. Brush in his will had asked that the property which is listed below be equally divided between his legatees:

Book 16 - Orders, Wills.

Brush, John - Inventory. January 14, 1726.

1 vice 45 lbs., 1 do 54 1. 1 do. 26	4/18/6
23 lbs. steel, 172 lbs. old brass, 48 lbs. old iron	7/12/2
45 lbs. copper, 2 old candlesticks, 1 old pestle and mortar	2/ 9/0
1 smoothing iron and 2 brass pans, 3 gridirons	0/16/4½
1 brass pot, 1 skillet, 1 frying pan, 3 wedges, 15½ lbs. - 20 lbs. pewter	2/ 0/3
12 new cast brass, 1 saw and frame, 2 old cross cut saws	0/16/0
4 small baggonets, 1 saddle and bridle, 1 silver watch, 2 horse clogs	5/13/0
1 clock, 1 old desk, 1 looking glass, 1 tea table and chest of draws	12/0/0
2 bedsteads, a parcel pictures, 1 old corner cupboard, 1 clothes brush	1/14/0
2 old feather beds, 1 flock bed, 3 pr. old blankets, 2 rugs, 15 lbs. feathers	4/10/0
1 trussell, 1 small curtain rod and testor, 1 oval table	1/ 7/6
1 pr. dogs and 2 trevits, 3 rake heads, 3 gun barrils, 1 stock	2/ 0/0
3
1 Gun, 1 close stool, 13 lbs. wrought iron, 1 horse L 5	5/19/0
6 screw plates and 6 pr. clams, 2 tumbler tools, 2 pan borers 1 pr. Cypherington hand vice	4/18/0
10 smooth files, a parcel old files, punches, shairs etc. 27 new files	2/ 6/8
1 binder box, and powder trier, 2 long shank bills, 1 drawbore	0/17/3
1 hold fast, 1 horse and 2 hammers, a parcel old gouges & Formers	0/ 8/4
A parcel plains, 1 spoke shave, parcel small iron, brass and other rubbish	0/16/10
1 spit, 1 old jack, 1 old chest and box, 1 old vice	1/12/0
7 pr. smiths tongs, 1 poker, 1 ladle, 1 slice, 1 ladle flesh fork and skimmer	1/ 3/9
1 shovel and tongs, 4 bolsters, 6 cole chiswells, 2 hammers, 1 sledge	0/19/0
1 half bushel, 29 melting pots, 1 smiths bellows and nose piece	1/16/4
1 large wheel, for razor grinding, 2 stones for do., spindles etc	1/ 5/0
1 grindstone and frame, 1 large do., 1 anvil, 1 beak iron	3/16/3
A parcel of smiths files, 4 curtain rods, 1 chain and castor	2/ 2/0
A parcel small iron, 1 pail, 4 old tubs, 5 old chairs, 3 bags	1/ 9/0
1 jar, 1 earthern and 2 stone pots, 1 dripping pan, 2 narrow axes	0/16/3
13 lbs. wrought iron, Tea ladle and parcel rubbish, 2 bushels hair	0/15/1½
1 stone jug, 4 candle moulds, a parcel fodder, parcel rubbish iron	0/10/6
2 glew pots, a pestle and wooden mortar, 1 pr. garden sheers	0/12/6
1 dung fork, 21 oz. old silver, 1 pr. old money scales	5/17/6
112 bushels seal coal, 1 hand saw, 1 fender and tongs	6/ 1/6

A few months after her father's death, Elizabeth Brush in conformity with her father's will sold her share of the houses and lots to her brother-in-law.

Elizabeth Brush, spinster of Williamsburg
to February 2, 1726
Thomas Barber, Carpenter of Williamsburg
Consideration: 80 Pounds current money.

[She] doth sell all her share of the messuage or tenement situate, lying and being on the North side of the City of Williamsburg, wherein John Brush, her father deceased, lately dwelt, and all buildings, edifices, goods, tools, yards, and also those two lots containing one acre of ground marked in the plot of the said city with the figures 165, 166 to the said messuage belonging, which said two lots were conveyed by John Clayton and William Robertson, Trustees for the land appropriated for the building of the city of Williamsburg and the Capitol to the said Brush on July 8, 1717. Book 3, Deeds, Bonds York County Records Page 470¹

Thomas Barbar died in May, 1727. One of the clauses in his will provided for the disposal of the lots under discussion. He ordered and directed that

After my decease my lots and houses in Williamsburgh be sold by my executrix to the best advantage and that the produce thereof be applied to the payment of my just debts and funeral expenses
Book 16, Orders, Wills York County Records Page 457

Thomas Barbar's inventory, like that of his father-in-law's, was by no means a pretentious one.

Book 16 - Orders, Wills.

Barbar, Thomas - Inventory.	May 30, 1727.
1 new feather bed, bolster, pillows and bedstead	4/ 0/0
1 old bed, 1 rug, 2 pr. sheets, 2 pillows, 4 old beds, some old furniture	5/ 7/0
5
3 looking glasses, a parcel of nails, a tea table, chest of drawers	3/10/0
A brass warming pan, brass shovel and fire tongs, chest carpenters tools	6/ 8/3
3 trimers chiswells, 3 gouges, 1 sword and belt, 1 folding table
1 desk and trussell 20/, A clock L 6-10, A fallen table,
A pair of dogs and 2 trevits 20/
2 boxes irons and heaters, some old brass 20/, 2 iron pots, 1 brass pot, 2 brass skillets, 20/
2 ladles, 2 flesh forks, 1 skimmer 10/, 55 lbs. pewter L 1-14-4½
1 corner coupboard, 2 grid irons, 1 spit, 1 frying pan, 1 dripping pan, 6 skuers, 1 pr. fire tongs and shovel	1/2/6
1 pr. pot hooks, 1 iron pestle, 5/, 2 jars
A parcel white lead and some nails 10/, 2 cloathes brushes
2 sack bags 6/
The blacksmiths tools L 8, A large razor wheel and 2 stone do. 12/
A pr. dogs 12/, a large grindstone frame and iron spindle 15/
29 melting pots 4/10, a spade and a parcel of old iron 16/
A parcel old brass L 6-9
A parcel old copper 45/, Cast brass 9/77 bushels sea coal L 3-17
A pr. large money scales and weights 10/, a parcel table linnen 14/
Water pails 3/6, 2 casks, 8/ a parcel old lumber 20/
List of cattle
1 old feather bed, 2 old blankets, 1 sheet and 1 bedstead	2/5/0
List of negroes
A parcel earthern ware, 2 spits, pot and pan
3 broad axes, old vice, 1 corner cupboard, 1 old sword,

(Page 475)

In conformity with these directions, Barbar's sole executrix, his wife, sold to Elizabeth Russell, widow, for one hundred pounds, on November 14, 1728.

All those two lots of ground situate, lying and being in the city of Williamsburg next adjacent to the Governors House and are numbered in the plan of the said city by the figures 165, 166, being the two lots lately held by John Brush father of the said Susanna, and by him devised by his last will to be equally divided between the said Thomas Barbar and Elizabeth Brush which said Elizabeth Brush hath since sold her moiety to the said Thomas Barber now deceased .... with all houses.
The said two lots are on the East side of Palace Street.
Vol. III, Deeds, Bonds York County Records Page 497

There is no proof yet found that Elizabeth Russell was the former Elizabeth Brush. It is possible that this Elizabeth Russell became the third wife of Henry Cary, II. In his will dated May 27, 1748, the latter bequeathed to his wife, Elizabeth, L220 Current money¹ in consideration of a "like sum" he had received for the sale of her house in Williamsburg.

(Robert K. Brock, Archibald Cary of Ampthill, Page 145.)

Henry Cary, II was employed as overseer, contractor, or architect in Williamsburg from 1720 to 1733. He lived in Williamsburg some of that time - his son Archibald was born here in 1721. Henry Cary was Keeper of the Magazine until his resignation of that job in 1726. (See articles on Henry Cary I & II by Mary Jansen in the Department of Research and Record.) Although he was deeded lots #316, 317 and 318 by the city trustees, Henry Cary does not appear to have kept them very long. He sold or leased 317 and 318 within six months and allowed 316 to revert to the city trustees who deeded it to David Menetree in 1725 (York County Records, Vol. 3, Deeds, Bonds, Pages 391, 413-416; 447). At the time that Cary bought these lots, he was referred to as Henry Cary Gentleman of James City. Therefore, all that is definitely known about Cary's connection with the property on lots #165 and #166 is that he sold it to William Dering in 1742. Facts that may have some bearing on his ownership of this property is that his wife's name was Elizabeth ——, that he left her £200 [?] in his will because he had disposed of her Williamsburg house for that amount, and that £200 was apparently the sum needed by Dering after he bought the property on lots #165 and 166.

In 1744, William Dering, dancing master, gave Peter Hay, physician in Williamsburg, and Bernard Moore, gentleman of King William County, a mortgage on the house, the two lots, #165 and #166, and certain chattels as security for £200 which he owed William Prentis. The house and lots were those Dering had purchased in 1742 of Henry Cary, and his wife Elizabeth. These facts are found in the deed of 1744. Dering deeded

All those two lots of ground situate lying and being on the East side of Palace Street, adjacent to the Governors House, denoted in the plan of the said city by the figures 165-166 which the said William Dering purchased of Henry Cary of Henrico County and Elizabeth his wife by deeds of lease and bearing the dates the 18th & 19th days of August in the year 1742 and recorded in the General Court .....

The chattels which Dering mortgaged were

In the House

3 beds, with bedsteads and curtains, featherbeds, bolsters, pillows, etc.

2 bedsteads and feather beds etc. but no curtains.

6 leather chairs and a couch, 6 do. 1 elbor chair, 6 chairs with walnut backs and rush bottoms

1 Black walnut desk and book case

1 Walnut chest of drawers, 1 large walnut table, 1 small walnut table.

1 large do., 1 sconce looking glass, 1 dressing glass, 2 dressing tables.

8 pictures in gilt frames, 9 do. in black frames, 10 do. without frames

2 Tea tables with their furniture, 2 common tables

½ doz. china dishes, ½ doz. china plates, 2 salvers. One 2- gallon china bowl, 1 gallon do. 2 small do.

In the Kitchen

1 large brass kettle, 1 brass skillet, 1 spit, 2 iron pots, 1 dutch oven

1 warming pan, 2 frying pans, 2 grid irons, 2 skimmers, 2 ladles, 2 Flesh forks, 3 doz. pewter plates, 10 pewter dishes, 1 copper coffee pot, 1 tea kettle do., 1 brass coffee pot, 3 doz. patty pans, 2 coffee mills

9 pr. brass candlesticks, 1 fish kettle.

List of Slaves

1 Riding Horse, saddle, bridle and housing.

Book 5, Deeds York County Records Page 105 Recorded 8 Aug. 20, 1744

Very little is known about the connection of William Dering with Williamsburg. In November, 1737, he inserted a notice in the Virginia Gazette (Wm. Parks, Nov. 18-25) that he would teach "Dancing, according to the newest French manner" at the College every three weeks on Fridays and Saturdays. The infrequency of Dering's lessons may indicate that he came to Williamsburg from some other town¹ or was a peripatetic dancing teacher with Williamsburg as a point of departure. By 1742, it appears that Dering was living on the Palace Street, as was indicated above. Unfortunately there are no files on hand of the Virginia Gazette for the years between 1740 and 1745. In the spring of 1745, Dering announced that he would open his assemblies at the Capitol on April 23^d for the Court season (Ibid. March 21-28) A similar announcement appeared in the Fall of 1746 (Ibid. Sept. 18-25).

Dearing's next creditor after Hay and Moore was Philip Lightfoot, to whom it was necessary to mortgage the houses and lots #165 and #166 as well as certain chattels.¹ The amount of money owed Philip Lightfoot of Yorktown - an amount which Lightfoot had paid for Dering - was £286 15s. (Book 5, Deeds, York County Records, Pages 136-9, May 11, 1745.)

Philip Lightfoot died in 1747. In his will, he made his son, William Lightfoot, one of his executors. (Ibid. Book 20, Wills & Inventories. July 31, 1717.) Dering's indebtedness to Philip Lightfoot continued with the next generation of Lightfoots as the following mortgage shows: 9

September 29, 1749.
Dering, William of Williamsburg
to
Lightfoot, William, Gentleman of Charles City, son, executor, and heir of Philip Lightfoot, decd.

Whereas the said William Dering was justly indebted to the said Philip Lightfoot in his lifetime in the sum of 286 Pounds, 15 shillings, and for securing the payment thereof with the growing interest thereon the said William Dering by indenture bearing date the 11th day of May, 1745, made between the said William Dering, Dancing Master, of the one part and the said Philip Lightfoot of the town and county of York, Esquire, of the other part did mortgage his houses and two lots lying on the East side of Palace street denoted by the numbers 165, 166, a certain number of slaves and all his household and kitchen furniture and other goods and chattels, mentioned and comprised in a schedule thereunto annexed, to be paid at a certain time therein mentioned. And whereas there is still due and owing on the said mortgage the sum of 200 pounds with two years interest thereon, And whereas the said William Lightfoot hath paid and advanced for the said William Dering the sum of 35 pounds current money ........

[Abstract] Dering further says that the mortgage of the lots, houses and goods is his security for paying the £35 on the last day of April next and for the more speedy raising of the sum, he, William Dering has by these presents made, appointed, and named William Lightfoot as his executor with the right to sell or mortgage the lots, houses and goods. If there was any "over-plus" resulting from the sale, it would go to his wife, Sarah.

Book 5, Deeds
York County Records
Page 343
Recorded May 21, 1750

John Blair, in his diary for date February 14, 1751, notes his attendance at a Mrs. Dering's outcry. (William & Mary Quarterly, Series I, Vol. 7, Page 136.) In view of the lack of Virginia Gazette issues between 1746 and February 28, 1751, it can only be suggested that it is possible that William Dering had died and that, in his will, he had provided for a sale of his real and personal estate.

From 1750 until c. 1845, the ownership and occupation of the houses and lots under discussion remains an uncertainty. The Frenchman's Map of the 10 1780's shows a small house with five outhouses directly back or north east of it.

This is not drawn to scale.

The Unknown Draftsman's Map (late 18th or early 19th century) has the name "Carter" inscribed in lots #165, #166 and an adjoining lot #172. There is fairly strong evidence that a James Carter was the owner referred to by the Unknown Draftsman. In 1794, the will of James Carter¹ of Williamsburg refers to an infant daughter, Elizabeth. (William A. Crozier, Williamsburg Wills, Page 15. This book is merely a calendar of the wills.) On May 28, 1810, Milner W. Peters married Elizabeth Carter and the marriage was recorded in the borough of Norfolk (Virginia Magazine, Vol 34, Page 263). These facts appear to have an important bearing on the question of the ownership during the first half of the nineteenth century of the "Brush house".

The Williamsburg Land Tax Records (Photostat copies in the Department of Research) show that James Carter (after 1801, his estate) was taxed for three lots from 1791 through 1819. In 1820, 1825, and 1828, Milner Peters whose residence was at Norfolk was taxed for one lot (the tax records in 1820 and after seem to consider as one, oftentimes, more than one lot) on which houses valued at $500 stood. This property Peters had come into possession of by way of James Carter deceased, probably through his (Peters') marriage to Carter's daughter, Elizabeth. The property appears to have passed next to Dabney Browne, a professor at the College of William and Mary. Browne 11 was taxed for one lot the houses on which were valued at $500. This property Browne obtained "via Wm. T. Milner Peters dec^d". Browne continued to be taxed for one lot until 1847. The value of the houses in the possession of Browne rose to $600. In 1847, a lot with a house of the same value appears in the tax records in the possession of Daniel P. Curtis. The lot and houses were "Formerly ch^d to D. Browne & Transf^d to Daniel Curtis in 1847". Actually the transfer was made in 1845, as will appear below.

On Dec. 8, 1849, Sidney Smith bought the lot and houses from Daniel P. Curtis and his wife, Elizabeth R. The property was described as

All that certain piece or parcel of land and tenement lying and being in the City of Williamsburg and bounded as follows, to wit ——
On the north by the street which separates it from the lands lately owned by Richard Randolph and Thomas G. Peachy, on the south by the lot of Beverly Tucker, on the east by the lot of Jacob C. Sheldon and on the west by Palace Street and being the same house and lot which the said Daniel P. Curtis purchased of Jessie Cole & Elizabeth B., his wife, and conveyed by deed dated the 10^th. of December 1845, together with all and singular the privileges and appurtenances to the said house and lot in any wise appertaining and belonging (Recorded in Williamsburg Hustings Court, Dec. 12, 1849 and now in the Court Records of Williamsburg and of James City County, Deed Book #12, Pages 497-8.)

An extraordinary increase in the value of the lots and houses shows up in the tax records in the 1850's and 1860's. The value of the houses increased from $600 in 1850 to $1500 in 1854. A further increase occurred in 1859 and 1861; the houses in both years were valued at $1700; the houses and lots together at $2400 as compared with $1800 in 1850. It may be said that a general appreciation of property values appears in the 12 tax records for Williamsburg between 1850 and 1860, so that it is impossible to know whether this increase in value represents additions improvements or general appreciation in value.

This property remained in the possession of Sidney Smith and his descendants for nearly one hundred years - that is, until its transfer to the Williamsburg Holding Corporation. This long tenure explains its frequent designation in records as the "Smith house" (Mrs. Victoria Lee, "Recollections of Williamsburg", Typed copy, Page 85).

In recalling the appearance of this house around the 1860's, Mr. John S. Charles thought the porch was different - a single front porch rather than the long one that runs completely across the front. The small detached brick store had remained unchanged since the 1860's, he said.

The house came to be known as the "Page" house and the "Audrey" house to many Williamsburg citizens. (Lyon G. Tyler, Williamsburg, Page 255; Charles, Lee, Vandergrift, "Recollections of Williamsburg", a typed mss. in the Dept. of Research and Record, Pages 34, 85, 90.) The widow and family of Governor John Page lived in but apparently did not own this house in the early nineteenth century (Conversation with Miss Estelle Smith, April, 1930; Miss Smith told the writer that Governor Page's daughter, Mrs. Saunders, who lived across the street from her, recalled having played dolls in one of the upstairs rooms in the "Brush" house. See also letter of St. George Tucker to Mrs. John Coalten, April 19, 1811, Typed mss. Tucker-Coleman letters, Dept. of Research and Record).

The reason for calling this house the "Audrey" house is to be found in the fact that Mary Johnston in a novel of that name lays part of the happenings in a "small white house"....... on the Palace Green. In this house was "a tiny stairway" in the hall leading up to a "little dormer-windowed white washed room". [Edition 1902, Houghton Miflin Co.] Miss Johnston disclaims any intention of laying the scenes of her novel in any particular house in Williamsburg, but writes that the house described in her novel was the product of her imagination. (Letter to W. A. R. Goodwin, Warm Springs, Va., November 3, 1930.)

In conclusion, it must be said that the historical facts presented here throw very little light on the architectural features of the houses on lots #165 and #166. Although there was a house standing on the lot in 1719 and its ownership can be traced from 1717 to 1728, and from 1742 to 1750, there is a gap from 1728 to 1742] during which no documentary evidence has been found. The Frenchman's Map of 1782 is the only eighteenth century source which throws any light on the number of buildings on this lot. The map gives only the lay-out of the buildings and their dimensions.

The Brush House
(Block 29, Colonial Lots 165 and 166)

In a conversation with Miss Estelle Smith, who has lived all of her life in the "Brush" house, she suggested certain revisions in our report of May, 1943.

The date, January, 1734, on the window pane is important. This date, coupled with the fact that the panes are made of obviously antique glass, suggests that the house was standing at that date.

The quotation from Mrs. Saunders on page 12 of this report should be made stronger. Mrs. Saunders always spoke of the "Brush" house as one of her childhood homes. "Rosewell" in Gloucester County was the other.

Although Miss Estelle Smith was very young when her father removed the original small porch, she recalls that it was very small but beautiful and fitted in well with the hall stairway. Fluted columns held up the roof of the porch and pilasters framed the outer doorway. Evidences of these pilasters may still be seen on the weatherboarding of the walls today. The change to the long porch was made after the Civil War.

The kitchen formerly had two dormer windows in front and one in the back. The change was made by Mr. Smith when it was necessary to reshingle the kitchen.